The terms administration and management are often used interchangeably and cannot be distinguished from one another because they refer to the same functions and guiding ideas. However, to resolve the conflict between these two words, the word “management” is classified into two words, i.e.
Management
- Administrative Management
- Operative Management
Administrative Management
In administrative management, the higher officers are the ones who make all of the decisions.
Operative Management
All of the administrative management’s policies and directives are carried out by the operational management.
Simply put, administration is a thinking and decision-making role that is mostly performed at the top of any organization and is involved with developing and laying out its fundamental goals and policies. In contrast, management is an executive function that involves directing human efforts toward the achievement of organizational core goals. It performs duties related to the application of policies. In general, it operates at a lower level.
While administration is favored in government agencies, educational institutions, and other non-business organizations, management is more common in businesses where economic performance is of the utmost significance.
Elements/Phases of Management
Every management process has to follow six basic steps, phases, or elements, which are as follows:
- Planning.
- Organizing.
- Staffing.
- Directing and coordinating.
- Supervision and control/evaluation.
- Re-adjustment and improvement/follow up.
Planning
An organized course of action is a plan. Planning entails choosing what needs to be done in advance. It is the act of doing something before acting. Before beginning any activity, planning is the process of determining what needs to be done, when it needs to be done, who will do it, how it will be done, and where it will be done. A predicted force of action is a plan. Planning is making informed decisions in advance and thinking about something before it is educated. Planning is what provides a clear notion in advance. We can get right to our objectives thanks to this intellectual process. An alternative path of action should be made available if the situation calls for change. We refer to it as the key purpose of any management program for this reason.
Organizing
Identifying and grouping the job or activity to be done is the process of organizing. It is the grouping of all such tasks that are required to carry out the plan and the establishment of connections between these various units.
Staffing
Staffing is the process of assembling and gathering the necessary human and material resources to fulfill the plan’s requirements. The authority and duties are distributed among the available people in accordance with their qualifications and experience. The right people are hired to carry out the numerous tasks that have been recognized as essential to the plan’s accomplishment.
Directing and coordinating
Action is initiated by direction. When to start and when to stop are specified. Providing a link between numerous committees, departments, or groups is what is meant by coordination. In terms of the time between various groups and the integration of their actions, it is a balancing act. Each component should operate in unison. To increase the likelihood of success, coordination is required across multiple committees, programs, and individuals.
Supervision and control/evaluation
The term “supervision” refers to an ongoing assessment of personnel performance. While control refers to examining the output of the work. Staff may prefer to relax without direction and control, which results in inefficiency and subpar performance. Measurement of the work-in-progress, including its amount and quality, interpretation of the findings, and reporting to the higher authority are all part of control. It is necessary to keep accurate records for future reference.
Re-adjustment and improvement/follow up
If any flaws are discovered throughout the supervision, control, and evaluation processes, prompt action is made to make the required readjustments and improvements to the situation in order to ensure better outcomes the following time.
Significance of the subject Management in Physical Education and Sports
Physical education aims to produce healthy citizens who are well-rounded in their development. Each student can be given the chance to maximize his physical potential through physical education. Without a sound physical education curriculum, a round personality cannot be created. The leadership of physical education departments plays a crucial role in setting realistic goals and delegating duties to staff members in accordance with their specializations and capacities. The institute’s management should also supply the necessary equipment and should supervise and coordinate the operation of several divisions. Greater efficiency will result from proper supervision, modifications, and working improvements, thus each physical education department needs to have superior management to handle various working areas.
- For a manager/organiser, study of management will certainly have an immediate value for a person who is preparing to become a manager/organiser/in charge of department or an administrator in any physical education or sports set up and want to improve his managerial skills.
- Those physical education teachers who have a basic understanding of management theory and practices will deal better with their assignments such as keeping students records, selection and purchase of sports equipment’s, lay down of sports facilities etc.
- Because of increase demands of physical education, their departments are larger and complex and hence require better manager to deal with complex and professional situations.
- All else being equal, a physical education teacher with the knowledge of management will be able to work more effectively and efficiently and in corporation and harmony with school management.
- The physical education teacher have more administrative assignments than other subject teacher because of more outdoor programmes which must be planned, organised and conducted well such as intramurals, extramural, educational and sports tours, mass display programmes, play day, annual school day etc.
- The physical education teachers and coaches have an administrative role while dealing with subordinates, subject teachers, team players, parents other public and sports dealers etc. that is why they need proper knowledge of management.
- In later profession, the career of physical education teachers and coaches may become administrative heads like dean of students welfare, in charge of health club and industrial fitness, mass preoperational programmes, warden of sports hostels, youth programme organisers, principal and superintendent etc. all these require good manages.
Principles of Management
- First of all, make sure what the objectives to be achieved are. The ultimate aim is fixed first and then fixes the steppingstone.
- Planning must be obtained within the situation as it actually exist and must build-up from there.
- Consider the needs and resources of the institute/department and establish a working plan.
- While bringing in new changes ensure that the existing and traditional good practices are not spoiled. In other words the desire for the best should not become enemy of the existing good.
- The planning and its execution should be such that what we desired to do is achieved and the benefits reach the target concern.
- Delegation of responsibilities must be accompanied with delegation of authority because responsibility without authority is unworkable.
- The credit for the job done well must be given to the person who did it. This will prove a great encouragement and will motivate the person further.
- The various units/sections/departments of management though separate and well defined should work as a whole rather than in an unrelated fashion. There must be proper intercommunication among the departments and persons to avoid any confusion, duplication of work and wastage of time.
- In every management there should be proper checkpoints and evaluation of the work from time to time followed by modification and improvements.
- A good manager should always be a good leader with good behavior and personality. He should be a hard worker and be with his team in any situation.